Description

I. Core Positioning

This PCB module is a core component of the ship’s electronic system, undertaking three key functions: signal transmission, power distribution, and equipment control. Operating in the harsh environment of the ocean—high humidity, high salinity, and strong vibration—it must possess moisture-proof, corrosion-resistant, temperature-resistant, and vibration-resistant properties to ensure navigational safety and system stability.

II. Main Functional Classification

Power Management Functions

Main Switchboard PCB: Receives power from the main generator or shore power, supplying power to all ship loads. It features automatic start-up of backup units, automatic load unloading, and parallel operation capabilities.

Emergency Switchboard PCB: Completes power supply switching within 20 seconds in the event of main power failure, providing power backup for critical loads such as emergency lighting, fire pumps, and communication equipment.

Intelligent Power Distribution Unit (PDU): Works with the Battery Management System (BMS) to achieve hierarchical isolation and distribution of high-voltage and low-voltage power, providing hierarchical power distribution, electronic fuses, and intelligent monitoring.

　　Power Control Functions

Main Engine Remote Control Panel PCB: Enables remote start-up, shutdown, speed adjustment, and operational status monitoring of the ship’s main engine, improving operational safety and response efficiency. **Steering Gear Control PCB (Autopilot System):** Includes PID control (proportional, integral, derivative), rate control, filter control, and integral control to achieve heading maintenance and automatic correction. Supports three steering modes: automatic mode (heading transmitter control), manual mode (steering wheel control), and single-action mode (switching power supply control).

Propulsion Control PCB: Drives the propulsion motor, side thrust motor, and steering gear, precisely controlled via CAN FD bus.

Navigation and Positioning Functions:

Navigation and Positioning Board: Integrates GPS, inertial navigation (IMU), electronic compass, and odometer sensors to achieve high-precision positioning, path planning, and autonomous obstacle avoidance. Primarily used in unmanned or intelligent vessels.

Navigation Light Controller: Controls navigation light activation/deactivation and status monitoring, with audible and visual alarm functions to ensure safe navigation at night and in low visibility conditions.

Signal Processing and Logic Control Functions:

PLC System PCB: Supports digital input/output for equipment monitoring and automated control, with high electromagnetic interference resistance.

Industrial control core boards (e.g., UZUSHIO UCKX1B, Tamagawa 659002855N30): Used for engine monitoring, ship automation control, and electrical system interfaces. They handle logic operations and signal transmission, supporting synchronous motor control, servo drives, and encoder signal processing.

Main board-level PCBs (e.g., 14-layer board designs): Output high-speed signals such as LVDS, SRIO (3.15G), and PCIE (5G), supporting 64-bit fixed-point arithmetic, and used for the core computing platform.

Monitoring and Alarm Functions

Fault Detection and Monitoring: Real-time monitoring of voltage, current, frequency, and phase; setting positive and negative alarm values; supporting flashing alarms and relay contact output (rated 5A/250V).

Multiple Control Modes: Master-slave control mode (independent operation or response to external signals), constant current control mode (maintaining constant current), closed-loop control mode (PID algorithm to minimize potential difference), and test mode (10% trigger pulse for debugging).

Display Function: OLED or LCD display showing system time, date, output voltage, current value, alarm information, software version, etc., supporting multi-level menu switching.

Communication and Interface Functions

Multi-link Communication: Gigabit Ethernet, CAN, CAN FD, RS232, RS485, 5G, satellite communication (SATCOM/Starlink) interfaces.

Sensor Interface: Supports analog signals (0~1V differential), digital I/O, and pulse signal input, capable of receiving up to 4 external differential signals.

III. Environmental Protection Measures

Substrate: Utilizes low water absorption materials (PTFE or modified high Tg FR-4) to reduce expansion and delamination caused by moisture penetration.

Surface Treatment: Electroless nickel-gold plating (ENIG) treats solder joints and vias, followed by spraying with conformal coating (acrylic/polyurethane/silicone) to form a dense protective film, isolating moisture, salt spray, and mold.

Structural Design: Rubber sealing strips, waterproof joints, drainage holes, and ventilation ducts with filters, combined with desiccants to actively reduce internal humidity.

IV. Typical Application Scenarios

Traditional Ships: Main power distribution, emergency power distribution, autopilot, navigation lights, and main engine remote control.

Intelligent Unmanned Surface Vessels: Core computing platform (X86/Jetson Orin/MCU/FPGA), environmental perception (radar/sonar/camera interface), communication system, and power distribution system integrated into a PCB board.

Marine Engineering Vessels: Power management system for crane and pipelaying vessels, supporting multiple DC output levels from 50A to 600A, with four operating modes: constant current/closed loop/master-slave/test.
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